一般地讲,被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态,重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下:
1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态:
(1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词
(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done
例如:He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
如何将主动语态变成被动语态?
1、从句子意义上说,就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。
例1.
主动语态:人们说英语。
People speak English in many countries.
被动语态:英语被说。
English is spoken in many countries..
例2.
主动语态:我们造这座桥。
We built this bridge last year.
被动语态:这座桥被建造。
This bridge was built last year.
2、从语法的角度说,把原句的宾语改成主语。
例1.
主动语态:小王邀请你(宾语)
Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态:你(宾语)被邀请。
You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.
例2.
主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走.
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.
例3.
主动语态:他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态:他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态:一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.